Master Student Strategies Multiple Choice Questions free essay sample

Which of coming up next isn't a system of an ace understudy? C a. Defining transient objectives b. Defining long haul objectives c. Evaluating your positive attributes d. Keeping away from an open? disapproved of way to deal with critical thinking 2. Finishing self? disclosure practices helps understudies in C a. Evaluating business areas b. Evaluating PC programs c. Surveying themselves as understudies/representatives d. Evaluating travel agendas 3. Qualities of an ace understudy incorporate B a. a reluctance to change b. a readiness to assume liability for activities in one’s life c. outrageous spotlight on one’s evaluations d. inspirational disposition 4. The three tangible methods of learning examined in class include: B a. Striking, activity, knowing b. Visual, sound-related, sensation c. Imperative, on edge, sensation d. Verbal, sound-related, sensation 5. When displaying expert understudy systems, one may exhibit the entirety of the accompanying aside from: C a. Abstaining from â€Å"thinking outside of the box† b. Self course c. Good faith d. We will compose a custom article test on Ace Student Strategies Multiple Choice Questions or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Objective setting 6. The term â€Å"metacognition† is characterized as: C a. Finding out about articles b. Finding out about science c. Finding out about learning d. Acting without deduction 7. There are four inquiries associated with the methods of learning. They incorporate the entirety of the accompanying with the exception of: D a. Why? b. What c. How? d. When? 8. Solid self inspiration supports the entirety of the accompanying with the exception of: B a. Changing one’s brain b. Overlooking objectives c. Looking at benefits d. Mentioning help 9. When endeavoring to realize change in one’s conduct one ought not consider: D a. Insistences b. Mentioning help from companions c. Beginning with minor changes d. Defining unreasonable objectives 10. Techniques for time the executives incorporate the entirety of the accompanying with the exception of: D a. Observing business related undertakings b. Setting a halting time c. Keeping up an unmistakable work area or work territory d. Stalling Valid/False Questions 11. Memory helpers may not help one in reviewing data Flase 12. There is just one way to deal with turning into a basic mastermind False 13. Fruitful understudies should attempt to associate their learning style to their training and their future profession decisions. Genuine 14. Investing energy with somebody who exhibits the sorts of accomplishment methodologies that you are attempting to execute is most likely not a smart thought. Bogus 15. Feeling awkward in a learning circumstance is certifiably not a typical piece of the learning cycle. Bogus 16. Inspiration may come about because of explaining one’s objectives and following up on them. Genuine 17. Learning styles might be associated with study systems that can be utilized to enable an understudy to prevail in a course. Genuine 18. Visual learning implies one is concentrating on the sensation segment of the learning styles 19. An advantage of keeping a diary during the semester is that it might permit one to expound on the associations between courses being examined. Genuine 20. With an end goal to turn into an ace understudy, one should attempt to make expectations dependent on the techniques one has learned and verify whether his/her background agree with those forecasts. Genuine 21. Time is viewed as an inexhaustible asset. Bogus 22. Getting mindful of one’s specific style of hesitation may not help with changing one’s conduct. Genuine 23. Realistic signs are utilized to upgrade a student’s class notes Flase Short Answers: 24. It would be ideal if you depict four attributes of an ace understudy. Give explicit instances of how these qualities might be illustrated. Set objectives, accomplishing the objectives in the time span. Have the option to oversee time successfully. 25. Dynamic aptitudes are significant for ace understudies. If you don't mind clarify how one may improve his/her ability at settling on choices throughout everyday life. By defining objectives for their self.

Analysis Of Athena In The Odyssey English Literature Essay

Examination Of Athena In The Odyssey English Literature Essay Following ten years, the Trojan War is finished and the Achaeans head home. Some legends of the war, similar to Nestor, return home rapidly to discover things essentially as they left them. Others, similar to Agamemnon, show up home to discover things extensively changed. Still others, similar to Menelaus, meander around for a period however in the long run get back securely. Odysseus, then again, has been experiencing no limit of difficulty returning home. As the story opens, we wind up in the tenth year since the finish of the war, an entire a long time since Odysseus initially left his home and spouse Penelope to cruise off for Troy with the remainder of the Achaean powers. From that point forward Telemachus, the child of Odysseus has grown up without a dad thinking about whether he will at any point return home. Envision, maybe, that you are in a world that isn't of your own. Hear you can walk unreservedly in any structure you need. Each word you express and each move you make ca n influence the lives of millions and cost them everything. However, on the off chance that you can unite those individuals, and connect with them in the trial of their lives you would have been the friend in need and defender of those individuals. This is the job of Athena in Homer’s epic â€Å"The Odyssey†. In this article I will break down Athena’s significant job of security and direction all through the epic, and how her utilization of camouflage and change influences their inspiration and decisions in the epic sonnet. Athena the goddess of insight and system, a shape shifter of numerous structures, and little girl of Mã ©tis and Zeus, assumes as critical job all through â€Å"The Odyssey. While she does every so often judge human activities, the predominant job she plays is to offer test and insurance to both Odysseus and Telemachus. The goddess Athena turns into their central defender, and she is rarely far away from Odysseus or his child. All through t he epic Athena imparts certainty into Telemachus and helps him in his movements and excursion into masculinity. She persistently helps Odysseus, offering him guidance and handy help. Athena’s job isn't only that of helping Odysseus and Telemachus; she additionally helps in their advancement as characters, showing them tolerance, modesty, and limitation. From her first demonstration of help to her last peacemaking, she is to a great extent answerable for the turn of events and finish of the plot. Telemachus’ stares off into space before meeting Athena just because: â€Å"㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦sitting among the admirers, heart fixated on melancholy. He could nearly observe his heavenly dad, here㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (B1:L134-136). Growing up without his dad Odysseus, the main information Telemachus is aware of him are just the tales advised to him by his consorts. With all the admirers meandering unreservedly through the incredible lobbies of his father’s royal residen ce, pursuing his mom Penelope’s deliver marriage, Prince Telemachus is left miserable to stop them. Athena utilizes her incredible abilities of technique and knowledge to rapidly figure out how to move our saint Telemachus to travel to discover his dad. She shape shifts into Odysseus’ old companion Mentes, and predicts that Odysseus is as yet alive and that he will before long come back to Ithaca.†Take my words to heart. At sunrise gather the islands rulers to full get together, provide your requests to all and call the divine beings to witness㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ sail in journey of updates on your tragically deceased father,† Athena pronounced (B1:L315-325). With these inspirational statements, Athena utilizes her camouflage to impact the sovereign to discover his dad. On the off chance that it not for Athena, Telemachus may have taken his dad for dead and urged his mom to wed one of her suitors. The venture is likewise significant in light of the fact that t he excursion of Telemachus has a significant influence of him turning into a man all alone.

If You Score Above 30 on this Test, You Might be a Psychopath

If You Score Above 30 on this Test, You Might be a Psychopath Research has shown that just a little less than 1% of males, ages 18 and above in the United States are psychopaths.What this means is that in the United States alone, 1,150,000 adult males would satisfy the criteria for psychopathy.Whats more, of the 6,720,000 people in jail, prison, probation or parole, 16% or 1,075,000 of them are psychopaths as well.This means that in America about 93% of adult male psychopaths are in jail, probation, parole or prison.These are some fascinating facts and probably have you wondering how do I identify a psychopath or am I one?The word psychopath has the power to evoke the thoughts of a fictionalized villain or serial murderer, but most times there are underlying signals that are exhibited by psychopaths on a daily basis that are usually overlooked.WHAT EXACTLY IS A PSYCHOPATH? What images flood your mind when you think of a psychopath?Most likely its probably a scene from a thriller movie like Saw or perhaps the terrifying Hannibal Lecter?Your thou ghts may not be far from reality but most times it isnt that obvious.So what is it?Psychopathy is a psychological diagnosis used in describing a particular set of symptoms. The condition is actually termed dissocial or antisocial personality disorder.When affiliated with this disorder, a person will showcase various traits like superficial charm, lack of empathy, enhanced superiority complex, lack of remorse, impulsiveness and no behavioral control whatsoever.Heres the important fact about psychopaths.A lot of people expect them to appear twisted and maniacal, but a lot of the time they just appear like regular people.This is what kind of makes them more unsettling to the public.HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY A PSYCHOPATH?   Before you jump to the conclusion that the guy who lives across the street is a psychopath, contemporary research by Robert D Hare provides a proven and tested scientific psycho-diagnostic tool.This diagnostic method is the most commonly used one to identify psychopathy.B ut according to Hare, this test should only be considered true if it is administered by a suitably experienced and qualified clinician under licensed and controlled conditions.However, before we dive into the Robert D Hares Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL -R) lets have a look at some of the basic signs of a psychopath.1. Psychopaths Have Unstable Empathy In a recent study 71.4% of psychopaths were seen to have undergone some sort of abuse as children.Whats fascinating about this study is that the majority of them were abused emotionally more than most other forms of abuse. Source: Correctional Service of CanadaThis is one of the reasons why a psychopath isnt concerned with the effects of his behavior towards others, whether it’s personal, financial, or social.Basically, this is because psychopaths have very little emotions towards themselves or others.Research carried out in 2013 studying the brain activity of different violent psychopaths, it was discovered that the area of the brain which is associated with the ability to mutually share suffering can be deactivated and activated at will by psychopaths.While most of the time they lack empathy, a psychopath can voluntarily switch it on for the purpose of manipulating, charming or seducing someone else with a twisted goal in mind.2. Psychopaths Easily Get Bored A psychopath doesnt experience boredom just because they are under-stimulated due to a slow day at work or a weekend night with no plans to go out but they usually face chronic boredom in every single area of their lives regardless of the activ ities.A common school of thought is that the psychopaths mind frame is wired to be under-aroused than most people.In other words, they need to be doing exciting things consistently to feel normal and get to regular levels of arousal.What this means is that they will most likely be among the group of people who want to go out for drinks after a long day of work or engage in fun related activities.3. Psychopaths are Quite Charming This is perhaps one of the most frightening aspects of dealing with psychopaths and also very disarming. They possess the ability to hide their true nature and appear as charming as possible.The psychopath would for example in an interaction easily pick a topic which you would find very important and would showcase a sympathetic point of view on the subject matter, most times with strong emotions in order to reinforce their words.This isnt just in relation to individual interactions but even in group interactions.A psychopath would most times use a storyline to garner attention or draw people to them.Also regardless of their location, whether in jail or at work, they usually have a crowd around them due to such storylines, but most times such stories are false.4. Psychopaths Lie FrequentlyA recent study done on a group of students showed that psychopaths do not have a stronger lying capacity than others but have a stronger trainability for lying.Meaning they can easily become great at lying.Psychopaths unlike pathological liars, who lie without compulsion or a goal in mind, tell lies that are very goal oriented.They have a specific purpose for their lies and generally use manipulation and conning for their own selfish interest.Its basically about getting something out of someone else, like tricking a person into an emotional connection or out of something they possess.This could be utilized in controlling a lover, getting promoted at work or even building a relationship.5. Psychopaths have Short-term and Fictitious Goals While its true that psychopaths have various twisted goals, most do not fancy realistic long term goals, they hold onto the belief of living in the moment rather than for the future.This makes most of the goals they have to be for the present and disconnected from the future. Asides from this the goals they do possess are fictitious in nature and have no bearing to reality.If for instance, you spoke to a psychopath in jail, he or she would tell you they want to be a medical doctor or police officer.Their goals seem completely out of touch would reality.6. Psychopaths have a Superiority Mindset Psychopaths believe they are far better than anyone around them, which does assist their ability to switch off empathy and careless about the negative effects of their actions.In an office, they would most likely be the ones that do not care about what their actions have on their team and they are also very hesitant to follow instructions that benefit the team as a whole unless it somewhat elevates them abo ve others.This would look like a very dominant or overly confident attitude but it could be hidden around a boss or someone who is a determinant to their success.They basically perfect the art of hiding their true personas and play on the gullibility of people beneficial to their success.THE HARE PSYCHOPATHY CHECKLIST-REVISED TESTThe Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised is a clinical diagnostic tool utilized in rating a persons antisocial or psychopathic tendencies.A psychopathic individual would prey ruthlessly on other people using violence, charm, and deceit or any method which will enable them to have their way with the person.For instance, a survey done on various on serial killers in the United States revealed that over 31.8% of the killers, killed simply for fun or enjoyment. Source: VoxThis is a classic case of lack of empathy, where psychopaths have to do whatever they want too just to fulfill their own desires even if it means killing another person.If a patient has exhibited the various symptoms of psychopathy as listed above such as; the ability to turn empathy off and on, chronic lying, superiority complex etc.Then the test is most likely for them, however, even without such symptoms, it can still reveal a psychopath.The test was originally created for the assessment of individuals convicted or accused of crimes.PCL-R test is made up of a 20-item symptom rating scale which lets qualified examiners to be able to make comparisons of the patient’s level of psychopathy with the level of a prototypical psychopath.It is seen in numerous fields as the most reliable, authoritative and authentic method for knowing if psychopathy exists in a person and also the extent or degree of it.The Hare Checklist despite its current broad applicability is still utiliz ed in diagnosing people of the original group it was created for, which are adult males in criminal psychiatric hospitals, prisons and those who await psychiatric trials or evaluations in various detention and correctional facilities.Asides from these the PCL-R also has massive usability in diagnosing sex offenders, inclusive of adolescent and female offenders.PURPOSE OF THE TESTThis Test is used to diagnose people with psychopathy and it can be for medical purposes, legal purpose and even for research purposes.The test has been very instrumental in determining the psychopathic tendencies of a person.Due to the increase in the crime rate, the Hare Psychopathy test is beginning to gain increased importance in the legal sector.It is now being used by law enforcement agencies as forensic evidence to determine the tendencies of convicted criminals and to determine the length of sentence they should be given.The test has also been used by psychologists to counsel children, teenagers and adults to determine if they are psychopaths especially at a young age and to determine the kind of help that can be rendered to the psychopath.In as much as this test is very instrumental in identifying the key features of a psychopath in a person, there are a few guidelines and precautions that must be followed.Below are the guidelines and precautions.1. This Test is not the Final Diagnosis No matter how accurate and how apt this test is, it is not the final diagnosis.This test is designed just to give you an idea of what tendencies you have.It is just designed to give an idea, it is not a final diagnosis and it is not give a definite answer to whether or not a person is a psychopath.The results of the test will help to give you an idea and then further diagnosis can be made based on the results of the test.2. The Test Cant be Conducted by Just Anybody Even though this test appears very simple, it shouldnt be conducted by just anybody.Determining whether someone is a psychopath or not is a very delicate issue and it can have an emotional effect on the family, friends and even the patient himself.There are other steps that need to be taken when a person passes the test, such steps include counseling.To ensure that the person is not left emotionally distraught, the test should be carried out by a trained professional who is familiar with psychopathy and how to handle a psychopath.3. The Test is Exclusively for Professionals This guideline looks similar to the second one but it is different.The fact that a person is a medical doctor doesnt make him a professional in all medical fields.The same applies to every other area in life including taking a psychopathy test.Not just any doctor should administer this test.The only recommended group of people that should moderate and examine this psychopathy test are professionals that have an advanced degree in a behavioral, social science or medical field.Also the professional must be registered with a well-known organiza tion that specializes in psychological and psychiatric testing and procedure.These professionals are well trained in handling issues that pertain to psychopaths and taking the psychopathy test.Having mere head knowledge about the human behavioral pattern is not enough a reason to consider yourself worthy enough to carry out a psychopathy test on someone, knowledge, and experience is what gives the expert an edge over you when it comes to handling cases like this and it is wise to leave the work for the expert.It is important to note that it is recommended that professionals who administer this test be people who have had years of experience working with criminals, this will make it easier for them to determine the outcome of the test.4. The Test Must be Carefully Carried OutThe results of psychopathy tests are often used in legal cases and can be used as evidence in courtrooms so it is important to be careful while conducting the test on a person and to ensure that there is no mix-u p in the answers.In addition, since the results are used as evidence in legal cases, it is important for the person who is administering the test to be eligible or legally qualified to stand as a witness in the courtroom when necessary.This is another reason why the test cant be carried out by just any person because the credibility of the results of the test will be questioned if it was not carried out by a professional who is eligible to stand as a witness when necessary.5. Two Different Professionals Must Administer the TestFor accuracy purpose, it is advisable that two different professionals administer the test independently to a person.By doing so the results will be more accurate and what one expert accidentally omits, the other will be able to identify.After the subject is tested independently with the same test questions, the results from the two experts will be compared and the average score will be gotten.The average score of the two separate results will determine the fi nal rating of the test.DETAILS OF THE TESTThe Hare PCL consists of two segments. The first is a structured interview while the second segment entails the checking and reviewing of the history and file records of the person being tested (the subject).During the interview, the professional will ask questions revolving around the general behavior of a psychopath.Questions will be asked to determine the nature of the interpersonal relationship of the subjects as well as his/her response to people and situations around him/her.The lifestyle and emotional involvement of the subject will also be tested.The aim of all these questions is to know whether or not the person or subject has an antisocial and unstable lifestyle or if he victimizes other people without feeling any remorse.As part of the interview, the family status, educational history, work history, marital or family status, as well as his criminal background, will be evaluated too.You may be wondering why all of this is necessary , well it is important because chances are that the person is a psychopath and most psychopaths are pathological liars, they lie without flinching and the only way you can know that the answers they provide are the correct answer is by cross-checking the history of the subject.Via the answers to the test questions, it is possible for the character and behavior to be properly assessed for any trace of psychopathy.But the fact that someone around behaves in an irrational manner is not enough reason to tell if he or she is a psychopath.To be sure about the authenticity of the suspicion, a test will be carried out on the subjects.Below are the questions asked by professionals when administering the psychopaths test to a subject:Do you have excess glibness or superficial charm?Do you have a grandiose sense of self-worth?Do you have an excessive need for stimulation or proneness to boredom?Are you a pathological liar?Are you conning or manipulative?Do you display a lack of remorse or guil t?Do you have a shallow effect?Are you callous, or do you lack empathy?Do you have a parasitic lifestyle?”Do you have poor behavioral controls?Do you have a history of promiscuous sexual behavior?Do you have a history of early behavioral problems?Do you lack realistic long-term goals?Are you overly impulsive?Do you have a high level of irresponsibility?Do you fail to accept responsibility for your own actions?Have you had many short-term marital relationships?Do you have a history of juvenile delinquency?Have you ever experienced a revocation of conditional release?Do you display criminal versatility?Each question on the list can be awarded 0, 1 or 2 (score) based on the performance of the subject. If the subject is a psychopath, he will most likely score thirty points or more, the maximum score for a psychopath is 40.Once a person scores thirty or more than thirty, he should proceed further to have a diagnosis of psychopathy carried on him.On the other hand, people who have no tr ace of psychopathy will score between 0 to a maximum of 5. Criminals who do not have any trace of psychopathy will most likely score a maximum of 22.This test is one of the few tests in the world that having a low score in it can actually be good news and scoring high may be a sign that something is off.If you scored 30 or more in this test, it is advisable that you go for further diagnosis and seek professional medical help and also see a psychiatrist or a counselor.CONCLUSIONPsychopaths are quite deceptive individuals and without a proper way to identify one, they can fool just about anyone into believing what they portray themselves to be based on their specific goals per time.This is why for The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised Test, which enables qualified persons to be able to adequately diagnose cases and degrees of psychopathy effectively.However, a lot of symptoms of a psychopath can easily be overlooked so endeavor you take a shot at the test and see what you score! Reme mber though this test only holds water when carried out by a professional.

The Fall Of The Roman Empire - 1404 Words

The Fall of Rome The Fall of the Roman Empire, one of the greatest empires that human civilization has ever encountered, is viciously debated today among scholars all over the world. No one theory is the absolute truth as there are many fatal factors and mistakes that forged the collapse of this supreme civilization. Problems ranging from political instability, to different economic predicaments, to barbaric invasions, to imperialistic ideologies, the empire just became too complex for its own good and ultimately planted the seeds for its own ruin. However, after reaching its pinnacle in 120 A.D, the constant expansion of territory held the most weight when bringing the empire to its knees. The height of the Roman Empire in the first and second centuries was known as the pax Romana. Although it only lasted for a short while, during this period, the empire stretched a glorious 2.2 million square miles from England to modern day Iraq. From here spurred the imperial age of Rome. They be gan to expand so far east that they eventually came into contact with China. They had conquered so much land and controlled so many trade routes that the republic in Rome realistically could not govern it all. Messages could not be relayed quick enough to communicate between distant cities like Tarsus and Trapezus and the capital. Other holdings like Britain were too far away and could not recruit enough soldiers to defend the borders. Forces in Britain had to resort to building a 73 mile longShow MoreRelatedFall of the Roman Empire1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pax Romana was a two hundred year time period where the Romans had peace and prosperity under Augustus. The Roman empire started to decline at the end of the prevail of the last five emperors, Marcus Aurelius in 161-180 A.D. The rulers in the next century had no idea how to deal with the problems the empire was having. There was many reasons to the fall of the Roman Empire but three stood out the most. 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During that time, the western Roman Empire was being invaded by barbarian tribes from the North. In 410, the Visigoth tribe succeeded in conquering the western capital in Rome. In 476, the western EmperorRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire was a powerful governing body of extensive political and social structures throughout western civilization. How did this empire fall and were internal factories responsible? Slow occurrences in succession to one another led to the fall of the empire rather than one single event. The fall of the Roman Empire was a combination of both internal and external pressures, not just one, leading up to the complete decay of the cities—Rome and Constantinople. 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The Forum Romanum or Roman Forum in Ancient Rome

The Roman Forum (Forum Romanum) began as a market place but became the economic, political, and religious hub, town square, and center of all Rome. Ridges connecting the Capitoline Hill with the Quirinal, and the Palatine with the Esquiline, enclosed the Forum Romanum. It is believed that before Romans built their city, the forum vicinity was a burial area (8-7th C. B.C.). Tradition and archaeological evidence support dating the building of certain structures (the Regia, Temple of Vesta, Shrine to Janus, Senate House, and prison) to before the Tarquin kings. After the fall of Rome, the area became a pasture. Archaeologists believe the establishment of the forum was the result of a deliberate and large-scale landfill project. Early monuments located there, whose remains have been found, including the carcer prison, an altar to Vulcan, the Lapis Niger, Temple of Vesta, and the Regia. Following the 4th century B.C. Gallic invasion, Romans vowed and later built a Temple of Concord. In 179 they built the Basilica Aemilia. After the death of Cicero and the nailing of his hands and head in the forum, the arch of Septimius Severus, various temples, columns, and basilicas were built and the ground paved. Cloaca Maxima — The Great Sewer of Rome The valley of the Roman forum was once a marsh with cattle paths. It would become the center of Rome only after drainage, filling, and building the great sewer or Cloaca Maxima. The Tiber floods and Lacus Curtius serve as reminders of its watery past. The 6th century Tarquin kings are held responsible for the creation of the great sewer system based on the Cloaca Maxima. In the Augustan Age, Agrippa (according to Dio) carried out repairs to it at private expense. Forum building continued into the Empire. The Name of the Forum Varro explains that the name of the Forum Romanum comes from the Latin verb conferrent, because people bring issues to court; conferrent is based on the Latin ferrent, referring to where people bring merchandise to sell. quo conferrent suas controversias, et quae vendere vellent quo ferrent, forum appellarunt (Varro, LL v.145) The forum is sometimes referred to as Forum Romanum. It is also (occasionally) called Forum Romanum vel (et) magnum. Lacus Curtius Almost in the center of the forum is the Lacus Curtius, which, despite the name, is not a lake (now). It is marked by remnants of an altar. Lacus Curtius is connected, in legend, with the Underworld. It was the site where a general might offer his life to appease the gods of the Underworld in order to save his country. Such an act of self-sacrifice was known as a devotio devotion. Incidentally, some think the gladiatorial games were another devotio, with the gladiators performing the self-sacrifices on behalf of the city of Rome or, later, the emperor (source: Ch. 4 Commodus: An Emperor at the Crossroads, by Olivier Hekster; Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 2002 BMCR Review). Shrine of Janus Geminus Janus the Twin or geminus was so called because as a god of doorways, beginnings, and ends, he was thought of as two-faced. Although we dont know where Janus temple was, Livy says it was in the lower Argiletum. It was the most important Janus cult site. Niger Lapis Niger Lapis is Latin for black stone. It marks the spot where, according to tradition, the first king, Romulus, was killed. The Niger Lapis is now surrounded by railings. There are grayish slabs in the pavement near the Arch of Severus. Beneath the paving stones is a tufa post with an ancient Latin inscription that has been partly cut off. Festus says the black stone in the Comitium marks off a place of burial. (Festus 184L — from Aichers Rome Alive). Political Core of the Republic In the forum was the Republican political core: the Senate House (Curia), Assembly (Comitium), and Speakers platform (Rostra). Varro says comitium is derived from the Latin coibant because Romans came together for meetings of the Comitia Centuriata and for trials. The comitium was a space in front of the senate that was designated by the augurs. There were 2 curiae, the one, the curiae veteres was where priests attended to religious matters, and the other, the curia hostilia, built by King Tullus Hostilius, where senators cared for human affairs. Varro attributes the name curia to the Latin for care for (curarent). The Imperial Senate House or Curia Julia is the best preserved forum building because it was converted into a Christian church in A.D. 630. Rostra The rostra was so named because the speakers platform had prows (Lat. rostra) affixed to it. It is thought the prows were attached to it following a naval victory in 338 B.C. [Vetera rostra refers to the 4th century B.C. rostra. Rostra Julii refers to the one Augustus built at the steps of his temple to Julius Caesar. The ships prows bedecking it came from the Battle at Actium.] Nearby was a platform for foreign ambassadors called the Graecostatis. Although the name suggests it was the place for Greeks to stand, it was not limited to Greek ambassadors. Temples, Altars, and the Center of Rome There were various other shrines and temples in the forum, including an Altar of Victory in the senate, a Temple of Concord, the imposing Temple of Castor and Pollux, and on the Capitoline, the Temple of Saturn, which was the site of the Republican Roman treasury, of which remnants from a late 4th C restoration remain. The center of Rome on the Capitoline side held the Mundus vault, the Milliarium Aureum (Golden Milestone), and the Umbilicus Romae (Navel of Rome). The vault was opened three-times per year, the 24 of August, 5 of November, and 8 of November. The Umbilicus is thought to be a round brick ruin between the Arch of Severus and the Rostra, and was first mentioned in A.D. 300. The Miliarium Aureum is a pile of stones in front of the Temple of Saturn set up by Augustus when he was appointed Commissioner of roads. Significant Places in the Forum Romanum Pool of CurtiusShrine of Janus GeminusLapis nigerSenate HouseImperial RostraTemple of ConcordGolden MilestoneUmbilicus UrbisTemple of SaturnTemple of Castor and PolluxShrine of JoturnaBasilica AemiliaPorticus — Gaius and LuciusBasilica JuliaTemple of Julius CaesarTemple of VespasianArch of Septmius SeverusPortico of the Consenting GodsColumn of Phocas Source Aicher, James J., (2005). Rome Alive: A Source-Guide to the Ancient City, Vol. I, Illinois: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. The Roman Forum as Cicero Saw It, by Walter Dennison. The Classical Journal, Vol. 3, No. 8 (Jun., 1908), pp. 318-326. On the Origins of the Forum Romanum, by Albert J. Ammerman. American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 94, No. 4 (Oct., 1990), pp. 627-645.

Parol Evidence Rule Free Essays

INTRODUCTION * Parol evidence rule is rule of evidence which states that oral evidence is not regarded by the courts to contradict, vary, and add or reduce the term of contract that already finished by parties. The purpose is to make it certain. * The rationale of this rule is that when the parties take trouble to decrease to writing the agreed terms of their contractual agreements, it was thought that the written contract will contain all relevant matters, and other aspects that not included of the written contract agreements should not be taken into account. We will write a custom essay sample on Parol Evidence Rule or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parol evidence rule occurs when all contracts is in writing. Oral evidence cannot be accepted by the courts to contradict, vary, and add or reduce the term that already finished by the parties. * However, there are exceptions to parol evidence rule. BODY * 7 exception to the parol evidence rule: 1. Exception is that custom or trade usage were allowed by court and it is part of the contract although it is not included in express terms â€Å"to annex incidents to written contracts in matters with respect to which they are silent†. This applies in commercial transaction. Case: Hutton v Warren 2. Exception was about the delay operation contract made by an oral agreement to wait until an event occurs or known as condition precedent, where it was a condition that usually included in the contract to be fulfilled before the contract becomes operative. Case: Pym v Campbell 3. Exception was to confirm that the contract was not the whole contract. Case: Van den Esschert v Chappell 4. Exception was when the language of the written contract was ambiguous, that made the agreement looked incomplete of explanation Case: Rankin v Scott Fell Co (1904) 5. Exception was when there was an obvious mistake in the contract, then the court may fix the contract in certain situations because the terms of the written contract may not actually stated what the parties have been resolved. Case: MacDonald v Shinko Australia Pty Ltd 6. Exception was applied when the identify of one party was unknown. Case: Giliberto v Kenny 7. Exception was Collateral Contract as known as subsidiary contract, which is separated from the main contract, used to avoid the Parol Evidence Rule and accepted the validity of oral promises that have been made during the negotiations that can add to or vary the terms in the original contract. Cases: De Lassalle v Guildford Hoyt’s Pty Ltd v Spencer J. J. Savage and Sons Pty Ltd v Blakney CONCLUSION * I agree with the statement that Australian court should not provide any solution for violation of any oral promises that were made during contract negotiations. * Parol evidence rule must be clear, fully integrated, and unambiguous. How to cite Parol Evidence Rule, Essay examples

Johann Sebastian Bach Essays (821 words) - Music, Classical Music

Johann Sebastian Bach Bach Johann Sebastian Bach was one of the greatest composers in Western musical history. More than 1,000 of his compositions survive. Some examples are the Art of Fugue, Brandenburg Concerti, the Goldberg Variations for Harpsichord, the Mass in B-Minor, the motets, the Easter and Christmas oratorios, Toccata in F Major, French Suite No 5, Fugue in G Major, Fugue in G Minor (The Great), St. Matthew Passion, and Jesu Der Du Meine Seele. He came from a family of musicians. There were over 53 musicians in his family over a period of 300 years. Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany on March 21, 1685. His father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, was a talented violinist, and taught his son the basic skills for string playing; another relation, the organist at Eisenach's most important church, instructed the young boy on the organ. In 1695 his parents died and he was only 10 years old. He went to go stay with his older brother, Johann Christoph, who was a professional organist at Ohrdruf. Jo hann Christoph was a professional organist, and continued his younger brother's education on that instrument, as well as on the harpsichord. After several years in this arrangement, Johann Sebastian won a scholarship to study in Luneberg, Northern Germany, and so left his brother's tutelage. A master of several instruments while still in his teens, Johann Sebastian first found employment at the age of 18 as a lackey and violinist in a court orchestra in Weimar; soon after, he took the job of organist at a church in Arnstadt. Here, as in later posts, his perfectionist tendencies and high expectations of other musicians - for example, the church choir - rubbed his colleagues the wrong way, and he was embroiled in a number of hot disputes during his short tenure. In 1707, at the age of 22, Bach became fed up with the lousy musical standards of Arnstadt (and the working conditions) and moved on to another organist job, this time at the St. Blasius Church in Muhlhausen. The same year, he married his cousin Maria Barbara Bach. Again caught up in a running conflict between factions of his church, Bach fled to Weimar after one year in Muhlhausen. In Weimar, he assumed the post of organist and concertmaster in the ducal chapel. He remained in Weimar for nine years, and there he composed his first wave of major works, including organ showpieces and cantatas. By this stage in his life, Bach had developed a reputation as a brilliant, if somewhat inflexible, musical talent. His proficiency on the organ was unequaled in Europe - in fact, he toured regularly as a solo virtuoso - and his growing mastery of compositional forms, like the fugue and the canon, was already attracting interest from the musical establishment - which, in his day, was the Lutheran church. But, like many individuals of uncommon talent, he was never very good at playing the political game, and therefore suffered periodic setbacks in his career. He was passed over for a major position - which was Kapellm eister (Chorus Master) of Weimar - in 1716; partly in reaction to this snub, he left Weimar the following year to take a job as court conductor in Anhalt-Cothen. There, he slowed his output of church cantatas, and instead concentrated on instrumental music - the Cothen period produced, among other masterpieces, the Brandenburg Concerti. While at Cothen, Bach's wife, Maria Barbara, died. Bach remarried soon after - to Anna Magdalena - and forged ahead with his work. He also forged ahead in the child-rearing department, producing 13 children with his new wife - six of who survived childhood - to add to the four children he had raised with Maria Barbara. Several of these children would become fine composers in their own right - particularly three sons: Wilhelm Friedmann, Carl Philipp Emanuel and Johann Christian. After conducting and composing for the court orchestra at Cothen for seven years, Bach was offered the highly prestigious post of cantor (music director) of St. Thomas' Church in Leipzig - after it had been turned down by two other composers. The job was a demanding one; he had to compose cantatas for the